Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Mwene we mutapa or more commonly and modern munhumutapa. The mutapa empire mwene mutapa or in portuguese, monomotapa, also known as great zimbabwe, was a mediaeval kingdom 1250 to 1629 which was. Mwene mutapa state monomotapa, munhumutapa, mutapa for short. The kingdom of mutapa is said to have stretched between the zambezi and limpopo rivers. Ravager of the landsalso spelled mwene mutapa or monomotapa, title borne by a line of kings ruling a southeast african territory between the zambezi and limpopo rivers, in what is now zimbabwe and mozambique, from the 14th to the 17th century.
View notes kingdom of kongo and mwene mutapa from ec 214 at johns hopkins university. The kingdom would, however, nominally control territory south of the zambezi river bend in what is todays northern zimbabwe and a small slice of southern zambia. Most historians agree that the mutapa state was an offshoot of the great zimbabwe state. Power struggle among the mbire led to the fall of the mutapa state and the establishment of the rozwi empire in the southwest of modern zimbabwe. The early political history of the kingdom of mwene mutapa 850. In as far as religion is an important component of ideology, this suggestion is plausible. The land is continually marked with these magnificent structures today. Abraham, the early political history of the kingdom of mwene mutapa. They used gold as a trading item for luxuries like ceramics and. Portuguese interests in the mwene mutapa empire were mainly economic.
Origins of the mutapa empire essay 853 words antiessays. After mutotas death, civil war among the mwenes broke out over a fight for the crown. Scarcity of reasons such as salt, pastures etc at great zimbabwe. Mwene matapa historical dynastic title, southern africa britannica. They continued their traditional structures made out of stone. The origin and rise of the mutapa state free zimsec. The kingdom of mutapa sometimes referred to as the mutapa empire shona. Mwenemutapa has a few different translations on of them being lord of the plundered lands, and another being prince of the conquered land both meaning ruler of land. The absence of a single text dedicated to the longue duree of zimbabwes history can now be said to be a thing of the past.
Along the zambezi river in the south, inland mutapa empire emerges 12501629 founded by mwene mutapa. The empire was comprised of a karanga majority speaking population. Mwenemutapa african studies desires to bring together likeminded folk interested in learning classical african history afristory deliberately hidden, distorted or otherwise kept from the view of the general population, especially african maafans and continental africans. Portuguese strategy to influence events in the empire of munhumutapa by s. Zusammenfassung summary over the last decade the southern african nation of zimbabwe has been paralysed by a protracted sociopolitical crisis that still causes immense suffering and violence amongst the population. Apr 24, 20 the kingdom of mutapa is similar to that of the great zimbabwe. Contentssocial of mutapa stateeconomic activities of the mutapa stateaims of the portuguese in the mutapa statethe rise of mutapa state afternoon once again some more on zimbabwe. Social, economic and political organization of african.
When coming to mwenemutapa african studies come ready to teach, come ready to. The civil war caused so much damage to the mutapan society it dissolved. Jun 30, 20 the mutapas control in these far away lands was probably peripheral and not regular. Alpers skip to main content accessibility help we use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Mwene mutapa empire, and the butua state, comprised in the six.
The first mwene was a warrior prince named nyatsimba mutota who discovered what was soon to be mutapa when he was looking for a new source of salt. Additionally, the portuguese colony along the coast gained more power at the expense of monomutapa. An investigation on the origins of the mutapa empire according to mukanya the portuguese arrived on the scene confused the history of the mutapa empire. According to oral traditions, nyatsimba mutota migrated from. At long last, professor alois mlambo has, for the first time, produced a crisp singlevolume book that documents the countrys rich historical experience, covering the entire precolonial, colonial and postcolonial continuum. The kingdom of mutapa sometimes referred to as the mutapa empire, mwenemutapa was a. Kingdom of mutapa great discoveries in archaeology. The early political history of the kingdom of mwene mutapa 8501589. The hidden history behind the name mwene mutapa celebrating.
Munhumutapa mupunzagutu mutapa empire mutota muzungu mwene mutapa nebedza negomo. You can publish your book online for free in a few minutes. Mutapa meaning and origin of the name mutapa nameaning. Mutapas government the portuguese people who arrived in the east african coast in the 1500s thought mwenemutapa was a title of respect for the ruler. The kingdom of mutapa, sometimes referred to as the mutapa empire shona. The rulers in mutapa would also tax people and then forced the people who they conquered in citystates to mine gold for them.
Even so, european influences were changing the continent, and disrupting the old order of things. Blacksmithing, pottery, weaving and basketry were other important economic values to mutapa. According to oral tradition, the first mwene was a warrior prince named nyatsimba mutota from the kingdom of zimbabwe sent to find new sources of salt in the north. The rise of militaristic and ambitious leaders such as mutota. The kingdom of mutapa was able to rely on trading posts to help their economy and ruled with a type of feudal system. When great zimbabwe began its economic and military decline in the late 1400s, some of the citys elites migrated 200 miles north to the zambezi river and established the shortlived shona state of monomotapa mutapa. Matapa encompassed the territory between the zambezi and limpopo rivers, in what is now zimbabwe and mozambique, from the 14th to the 17th century. The state emerged around 1500 under nyatsimba mutota, the first mwene king who gained control of the surrounding gold producing region and much of the zambezi river. The mutapa state was located on the northern part of modern day zimbabwe. Kingdom of kongo and mwene mutapa kingdom of kongo 901914 located in west central africa, near lower. According to oral tradition chibatamatosi nyatsimba mutotas father sent nyakatondo the messenger to the area north of great zimbabwe to look for salt deposits.
Revenue from trade was used to run the army and sustain the empire. Between 1560 and 1561, a portuguese jesuit missionary, goncalo da silveira visited mwanamutapa and converted many shona including king nogomo mupunzagato to christianity. Mutapa empire a state founded in the 15th century by a man named mutota and that extended throughout all of presentday zimbabwe except the eastern part, brought with it new customs that sometimes conflicted with those of native hindus. Monomotapa was a shona kingdom which stretched between the zambezi and limpopo rivers of southern africa in the modern states of zimbabwe and mozambique. The mutapa palace were taken over by the rozvi whose changamire king extended his control over the mining areas. The empire was divided into provinces namely guruhaswa, mbire, utere, banua, and manyika each headed by a lesser chief. Mwene mutapa is shona for ravager of the lands, and was also the title held by the dynasty of kings who ruled the territory, which was between the zambezi and limpopo rivers. Facts are sorted by community importance and you can build your personalized lexicon. The aztec empire governed through an extensive bureaucracy that regulated tribute in the form of. By the 1630s, the portuguese overran all of monomutapa and appointed a new mwene, mavura mhande felipe, to the throne in 1629.
Dynasties of the mutaparozwi complex volume 11 issue 2 edward a. Monomotapa was a shona empire which was centered in the zambezi valley. The mutapa state essay 8261 words free essay examples. Their domain was often called the empire of the mwene matapa, or simply matapa or mutapa, and is associated with the. How did the mutapa empire begin according to oral traditon. Mwene mutapa did not engage in longdistance ocean trade. However during the 15th century the mutapa maintained unity and managed to restrict portuguese attempts to gain control of the markets and trade routes.
The following reasons can be used to account for the rise and expansion of the mutapa state. Matapa also spelled mutapa, a southern african empire ruled by a line of kings known as the mwene matapa. The empire was ruled at capital, provincial, and village levels. Mwene mutapa, like kongo, had trouble coping under these conditions. Their domain was often called the empire of the mwene matapa, or simply. There was a standing army of warriors which was used for defence and expansion of the kingdom. Mutapa empire previous mustelidae next mutation the zambesi basin. Mwene mutapa had a strong control over gold production. They were a flourishing kingdom who made their living economically. Pdf the church, politics and the future of zimbabwe. Using the jesuits in the mutapa empire of zimbabwe academic. Matapa, also known as the empire of the mwene matapa. Trade the mutapa empire traded in copper, ivory, salt, gold, silver, silk and ceramics. The the mutapa empire was controlled on three distinctmeaning of the name mutapa is \the conquered lands\.
Great zimbabwe is the name given to the remains of stone, sometimes referred to as the great zimbabwe ruins, of an ancient southern african city, located in presentday zimbabwe which was once the centre of a vast empire known as the empire of great zimbabwe also called monomotapa, mwene mutapa empire or the munhumutapa empire. For mwene mutapa, outlying parts of the kingdom broke away in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, forcing the core to become a portuguese protectorate in 1633. Portuguese document dating from the early 16th century also seem to show that the mutapa state already existed before the great zimbabwe collapsed thus mutapa empire was an offshoot of the. The empire flourished due to agriculture and trade. The empire declines the decline of the mutapa occured around the year 1629. Like great zimbabwe the kingdom of mutapa traded gold, ivory, and mined iron. According to oral tradition the first mwene was a warrior prince nyatsimbamutota from great zimbabwe who was sent to find new sources of salt in the north.
The mutapa state essay 8261 words free essay examples and. Accepted 27 january, 2011 the mutapa empire mwene mutapa or in portuguese. Trading gold with the portuguese helped them become a great and plentiful kingdom. European christians thought that the mutapa land had the goldmines of famous king from the bible, king solomon what is mutapa. Their domain was often called the empire of the mwene matapa, or simply matapa or mutapa, and is associated with the historical site known as zimbabwe. Dynasties of the mutaparozwi complex cambridge core. Subjects were required to give livestock to prove their allegiance to the mwene mutapa. Mutotas successor, mwenemutapa matope, extended this new kingdom into an empire which contained most of.
They traded items like gold, mined iron, salt, copper and tin, soapstone a soft rock, and ivory. The mutapa dynasties fractured into autonomous states, many of which later formed the rozvi empire. The demise of great zimbabwe left the mutapa state dominant in northern. The mutapa empire information sheet essay free essays and. Matopes title, mwene mutapa, means the lord of the plundered lands, conquerer, or master pillager. A similar misrepresentation of the name mwene mutapa is its change to munhumutapa to suggest that the mutapas were not only kidnappers of children, but also enslavers of ablebodied adults for cheap labour to build the great stone monuments found throughout the mutapa kingdom, of which great zimbabwe is just the biggest and wellpublicised in. The most important chiefs in the empire sent their sons, with tribute in form of cattle, gold, slaves and ivory, each year to pay homage to the mwene mutapa as goodwill ambassadors. The kingdom of mutapa sometimes referred to as the mutapa empire, mwenemutapa, shona. Reasons for the rise of the mutapa state free zimsec. Jan 28, 2010 the political leaders of one province, changamire, broke free and began building a successor state to monomutapa. Mutapa empire 1430 to 1760 was an empire, in present day zimbabwe, extending to the mozambique coast. Nov 2008 the rise and ultimate expansion of the mutapa state owed in part to the decline of great zimbabwe. The mutapas control in these far away lands was probably peripheral and not regular.
The rulers were able to mine gold from rivers and streams that were found nearby their empire. Kingdom of kongo and mwene mutapa kingdom of kongo and. Mwenemutapa has a few different translations on of them being lord of the plundered lands, and another being. Mutapa history was dominated by portuguese attempts to interfere with court politics, civil wars, conquests and trade. The rozvi empire did not however succeed in controlling an area as vast as the mutapa had done. Monomotapa was a shona kingdom which stretched from the zambezi through the limpopo rivers to the indian ocean in southern africa, in what are the modern states of zimbabwe, south africa, lesotho, swaziland, mozambique and parts of namibia and. Manyika, under the chikanga dynasty, became part of the mutapa empire after. Mutapa empire kingdom of mutapa empire was a medieval kingdom which stretched between the zambezi and limpopo rivers of southern africa in the modern states of zimbabwe and mozambique. It has been suggested by some including the archaeologist peter garlake that religion was also significant to the rise and expansion of the mutapa state. Mudenge dec 1986 from mutapa to rhodes by aeneas chigwedere 1980 the changing history of the mutapa dynasty by d. Mwene matapa historical dynastic title, southern africa.
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